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THE   INCONSISTENCY 


DF 


Our  Code  of  Dental  Ethics 


BY 


DR.  C.  H.  LAND,  DETROIT,  MICH, 


ISSUED  BY  THE 

PORCELAIN  DENTAL  ART  Co..  264  Woodward  Avenue.  Detroit.  IVIictx. 

PAID  UP  CAPITAL,  $502,000.00 


1888. 
T.    HMITH,   PBINTKR,  11  ROWLAND  STREET,  DETROIT. 


THE  PORCELAIN  DENTAL  ART  GO. 


Having  purchased  the  patented  inventions  of  Dr.  C,  H.  Land  for  im- 
proved method  of  filling  the  natural  teeth  w^ith  vitrified  sections  of  por- 
celain, patented  Dec.  20,  1887,  and  the  application  nov\^  on  file,  serial  No. 
247454,  filed  Aug.  20,  1887.  And  for  Hydro- Carbon  furnace,  Pat. 
Jan.  3,  1888.  And  any  person  or  persons  appropriating  to  their  ow^n  use 
the  above  patents,  renders  each  individual  user,  not  furnished  w^ith  a 
license,  responsible  for  such  unlawful  use,  and  all  the  consequences  there- 
of, and  liable  to  suit  therefor. 

The  manner  of  disposing  of  these  inventions  is  to  secure  to  the  pur- 
chaser the  right,  for  dental  purposes.  Dr.  C.  H.  Land's  continuous  gum 
and  crown  furnaces;  secondly  the  right  for  his  new  system  of  restoring 
the  natural  teeth,  in  color,  shape  and  size,  with  metallic  enamel  sections; 
thirdly,  his  new  system  of  coating  and  building  up  teeth  with  metallic 
enamel  coats.     For  terms  and  particulars,  address, 

IFOIE^CEXj-A-IOiT  3DE2^T.^ni4    -^I^T  CO., 

264  Woodward   Ave      DETROIT,   MICH 


INTERNATIONAL  MEDICAL  CONGRESS, 

Washington,  1887. 

Section  of  Dental  and  Orat,  Surgeky,  } 

Chillicothi],  Ohio,  March,  1887.  \ 
Dr.  C.  H.  Land,  Detroit,  Mich.: 

Dear  Sir — I  herewith  advise  you  that  the  Council  of  the  Section  of 
Dental  and  Oral  Surgery  of  the  Ninth  International  ."^Icdical  Congress,  to  he 
held  at  Washington,  D.  C,  September  5th,  1887,  have  sugge;^ted  your  name  to 
its  Executive  Committee  as  one  of  tljose  who  should  receive  a  special  invita- 
tion to  become  a  member  of  the  Congress  and  take  ja  t  in  its  proceedinus. 

Please  inform  me  by  enclosed  postal  card  if  such  an  invitation  will  l)e 
accepted  by  you. 

F.  H.  REHWINKEL, 

Secretary  Secfion  X  f  V/. 


Section  of  Dental  and    Oral  Surgery. 


XI HTH 


J.  TAFT,  M.  D.,  D.D.S.,  President, 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  U.  S.  A.  INTERN  ATIOK  AT. 


AMERICAN  Secretaries. 


E.  A.  BOGUE,  M.  D.,  D.D.S. 

No.  39  East  20th  st..  New  York,  U.S.A.  '^*    WaslnilgtOH,  D.  C.,    U.  S.  A., 


MEDICAL    CONGRESS. 

■sliington^  D.  C.,  U 
September^  j,  iSS-j. 


F.  H.  REHWINKEL,  M.  D.,  D.D.S., 

Chillicothc,  Ohio,  U.  S.  A. 

Chillicothe,  Ohio.,  U.  S.  A.,  July  13,  1887. 
Dr.  C.  H.  Land,  Detroit,  Mich. : 

Dear  Sir — Dr.  Taft,  the  President  of  Section  17,  I.  M.  Congress,  directs 
me  to  say  to  you  that  the  enclosed  advertisement  disqualifies  you  to  become  a 
member  of  the  Congress,  such  advertisement  being  a  violation  of  the  Code  of 
Ethics. 

This,  however,  will  not  shut  you  out  from  exhibiting  your  fm-nace  or 
demonstrating  your  work — occupying  the  same  position  as  other  exhibitors 
do. 

Very  trulv  yours, 

F.   H.  REHWINKEL, 

Secretary  Section  AT'//. 

Detroit,  Mich.,  July  1.5th,  1887. 
Dk.  F.  H.  Rehwinkp:l. 

Dear  Sir — Referring  to  your  favor  of  the  13th,  I  understand  that  the 
lirimary  motive  of  the  Code  of  Ethics  is  to  prevent  quackery,  cheating,  inis- 
rei)resenting  the  truth,  etc.,  and  if  I  felt  guilty  of  such  proceedings  your 
President's  decision  would  be  justified.  On  the  contrary,  if  I  am  to  infer  that 
your  Code  of  Ethics  is  so  arbitrary  as  to  prevent  me  from  making  a  judicious 
use  of  the  public  i)ress  or  any  other  legitimate  way  of  disseminating  the 
truth  to  the  public,  then  my  only  resource  will  be  to  observe  the  rules  of  our 
))rofession  as  non-republican  in  .spirit,  smd  adverse  to  the  be.st  interest  of  pro- 
-rressive  men.  [  regret  exceedingly  that  such  a  fine  line  .shoidd  be  drawn  in 
my  case. 

I'nder  the  circum.stauces  you  (;aiinot  consistently  expect  nu;  to  take  part 
in  any  of  your  .sections  or  proceedings. 

yoiirs  truly,  C.  H,  LAND. 


Advkrtisement  Kefkkreij  to  in  the  Letter. 


BADLY  DECAYED  TEETH 

Can  be  restored  to  their  original  appearance  so 
perfectly  that  the  art  is  concealed,  by 

DE.  C.  H.  LAND'S 

NEW  PORCELAm  PROCESS 

These  improvements  make  it  possible  to  restore 
every  condition  of  decay  to  their  original  appearance 
in  shape,  size  and  color. 


Undeveloped  teeth  can  lie  enlarged  to  their  ijroper 
size,  and  made  to  appear  perfect.  Old  roots  can 
have  artificial  crowns  attached  to  them,  and  when 
made  to  antagonize  become  as  useful  as  ever. 
Large  and  conspicuous  gold  fillings  can  have  porce- 
lain' sections  placed  over  them  and  thus  hide  their 
glaring  appearance.  Devitalized  teeth  that  have 
become  discolored  can  have  an  artificial  coat  of 
enamel  placed  over  them  and  be  so  thoroughly  re- 
newed in  aijpearance  that  the  art  is  concealed. 


-■^ 


The  above  illustrate.s  a  practical  piece  of  work, 
indicating  the  amount  of  porcelain  added  in  order  to 
restore  the  original  shape,  size  and  color  perfectly. 
By  appointment  see  specimens  of  this  work  that 
have  been  in  use  from  three  to  six  years,  at  the  office. 

264  Woodward  Avenue, 


Reprinted  from  the  "Archives  of  Dentistry." 

DR.  C.  H.  LAND'S  PATENT 


Bv  Dk.  J.  A.  ROBINSON,  of  Jackson,  Michigan. 


That  the  new  method  invented  by  Dr.  Land  is  a  step  forward 
in  the  dental  art,  there  can  be  no  doubt.  That  it  covers  a  great 
w^ant  long  felt  by  the  profession,  must  be  admitted  by  the  advanced 
thinkers  and  workers  in  dentistry  who  have  paid  any  attention  to 
the  subject,  will  have  to  be  acknowledged  by  those  who  practice  it 
and  become  familiar  ^vith  its  workings  and  merits.  It  is  a  porce- 
lain system  of  restoring  teeth  in  the  simplest  manner  to  the  cavities 
of  decayed  teeth,  and  broken  sections  of  teeth,  to  cover  the  defects 
and  restore  them  to  their  normal  appearance  and  usefulness.  It  is 
a  new  method  of  the  old  plan  of  continuous  gum  work  applied  to 
filling,  teeth,  and  corresponds  somewhat  to  the  improved  methods 
of  electricity  as  compared  with  the  first  discovery  by  Dr.  Franklin. 

But,  Dr.  Land  has  a  patent,  and  believes  in  advertising,  and 
makes  it  a  condition  with  those  who  would  use  his  patent  that  thev 
must  advertise  it;  and  that  is  forbidden  by  the  code  of  ethics. 

For  more  than  twenty  years  we  have  written  and  spoken  in 
favor  of  7nodest  advertising.  It  is  the  right  and  duty  of  the  den- 
tist to  inform  the  public  in  any  legitimate  way  about  his  profession, 
provided  he  tells  the  truth  and  does  not  promise  what  he  is  unable 
to  perform.  It  is  an  American  privilege  and  is  in  keeping  with 
the  push  that  is  practiced  in  every  department  of  life:  and  even  the 
pulpit  is  not  exempt  from  it. 

We  gave  the  Robinson  remedy  for  pyorrhoea  to  the  profession, 
preferring  the  honor  of  the  discovery  to  anything  that  „could  be 
made  out  of  it.  It  has  paid  largely  m  commendation  and  good 
will  among  man}'  of  the  best  operators  all  over  the  land.  As  an 
(jbtunder  for  sensitive  dentine,  it  is  effective  and  safe ;  the  only  diffi- 
culty is  that  oftentimes  those  who  attempt  to  make  it  are  inade- 
quate to  the  task. 

Dr.  Land  intended  to  present  his  patent  to  the  profession  at  the 
international  meeting  at  Washington  if  he  had  not  been  shut  off 
from  the  exhibition  because  he  had  published  a  pamphlet  contain- 
ing diagrams  of  his  invention  and  illustrating  his  improvement. 
Dr.  Land  was  called  to  an  account  before  the  Michigan  dental  so- 
ciety, at  their  last  meeting,  for  offensive  aci\'ertising,  and  was  sensi- 
tive on  that  subject,  so  he  withdrew  from  tlie  international  meet- 
ing, and  also  from  the  American  Dental  Association. 

Wc  think  his  invention  is  too  valuable  to  be  ]5ushed  aside  \^\ 
any  technicality,  or  any   worn  out  code   of   gthics,  or  any  false  uo- 


tions  about  professional  character.  If  the  code  of  ethics  is  wrong; 
if  it  belongs  to  the  past  generations ;  to  the  rise  of  lords  and  nobil- 
ity— let  it  be  adjusted  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  liberalism  of  to-day. 
We  cannot  afford  to  lose  so  many  of  our  progressive  men  as 
would  be  forced  to  leave,  if  we  put  a  strict  construction  upon  the 
ethics  as  they  are  now  in  force  among,  the  medical  and  dental  pro- 
fessions. Professions  are  made  strong  by  what  they  include^ 
rather  than  by  what  they  exclude. 

We  have  removed  large  gold  fillings  in  the  front  teeth  and  re- 
placed them  with  porcelain  caps  before  the  Land  patent  was  intro- 
duced, but  the  process  was  long  and  wearisome  to  the  operator  and 
the  patient.  With  Dr.  Land's  method  most  of  the  work  is  done  in 
the  laboi'atory,  when  the  patient  is  dismissed,  until  the  cap  is  enam- 
eled, and  then  it  is  inserted  in  a  ver}^  short  time. 

The  great  advantage  of  the  new  system  is  the  most  perfect 
adaptation,  and  the  means  brought  about  to  accomplish  the  result 
by  his  new  furnace  and  a  series  of  different  colored  bodies,  mat- 
trices,  etc.,  to  obtain  the  exact  shape  and  shade  of  the  natural  teeth. 
These  fillings  are  to  take  the  place  of  all  other  fillings,  from  the 
smallest  filling  to  the  entire  crown  of  the  tooth. 

I  have  seen  Dr.  Land's  pamphlet,  and  have  made  him  a  visit, 
and  bave  seen  the  practical  results  of  the  new  system  of  work. 

If  the  Land  process  is  as  serviceable  as  it  now  promises,  it  can- 
not be  used  where  most  needed,  without  some  modification  of  Dr. 
Land's  condition  of  sale  or  alteration  of  the  code  of  ethics.  It  is 
for  the  profession  to  decide,  whether  they  will  sacrifice  the  code  of 
ethics  or  the  men.  As  the  affair  now  stands,  the  members  are  not 
allowed  to  push  the  product  of  their  own  brains  before  the  public; 
but  must  sacrifice  a  large  portion  of  their  time  and  thought  through 
a  combination  of  dental  dealers,  who  will  not  allow  an  article  to 
come  before  the  profession  except  through  a  combination,  who 
have  no  interest  to  subserve  but  their  own.  If  they  cannot  control 
an  improvement,  or  an  invention,  they  straightway  strangle  it  in  its 
infancy,  or  strive  to  prevent  its  being  introduced  to  the  profession, 
by  refusing  to  handle  it  unless  they  can  have  the  control  and  man- 
agement of  it;  and  even  then  it  is  destroved  if  it  conflicts  with  any 
products  manufactured  by  the  combination.  It  savors  too  much 
of  vicarious  atonement,  and  ought  to  be  relegated  to  the  things  of 
the  past. 

Our  medical  brethren  do  not  have  to  contend  against  any  com- 
bination, and  the  code  of  ethics  in  this  city  has  so  demoralized  the 
medical  society  here  that  their  meetings  have  been  discontinued. 

The  regulars  and  irregulars  consult  together,  to  try  and  help 
humanity;  the  men  have  out-grown  the  ethics.  Do  not  let  the  den- 
tists fall  into  any  such  ancient  ruts  of  the  past,  as  to  destroy  the  in- 
terest in  their  societies  that  h^ve  been  such  helps  to  themselves  ^nd 
the  world, 


THE  INCONSISTENCY  OF  OUR  CODE  OF  DENIAL  ETHICS. 


By  Dk.  C.  H.  land,  Detroit,  Mich. 


When  our  Dental  fathers  formulated  a  set  of  rules  for  the  reg- 
ulations of  our  social  morals  or  precepts,  their  motives  were 
excellent  in  proportion  as  the  desire  was  to  prevent  quackerv, 
cheating,  misrepresenting,  etc.,  and  as  far  as  this  act  is  concerned 
it  becomes  a  law  by  common  consent  of  the  people.  But  when 
your  code  of  ethics  distinctly  prohibits  the  judicious  use  of  the 
public  press  and  all  other  legitimate  means  of  advertising,  it  over- 
steps the  bounds  of  reason,  becomes  despotic  in  its  nature  and 
adverse  to  the  best  interests  of  progressive  men.  According  to 
Webster,  a  code  of  ethics  may  be  true  or  false,  exceedingly  arbi- 
trary, depending  on  the  will  of  those  who  are  dii"ectly  interested, 
absolute  in  power,  and  governed  by  no  law.  Thus  it  becomes  in 
a  large  degree  tyrannical,  inconsistent,  and  not  compatible  with 
moral  sentiments.  Referring  to  that  2Dortion  of  the  code  where  it 
becomes  unprofessional  to  resort  to  public  prints,  etc.,  the  penalty 
being  expulsion  from  the  society.  This  practically  is  a  proclama- 
tion that  it  is  dishonorable  to  make  a  judicious  use  of  the  greatest 
of  all  mediums  for  the  dissemination  of  the  truth.  Is  it  possible 
that  so  intelligent  a  body  of  men  have  failed  to  comprehend  the 
\a\ue  of  our  daily  press  for  rapidly  imparting  knowledge  to  the 
people — privileges  that  have  made  this  one  of  the  most  enlightened 
and  progressive  countries  in  the  woi'ld  ?  Do  they  take  into  con- 
sideration that  thousands  of  people  are  suffering  from  badly 
decayed  teeth  and  resorting  to  the  barbaric  methods  of  extraction 
simply  because  you  have  failed  to  provide  a  literature  that  the  pub- 
lic might  be  made  aware  of  the  rapid  progress  made  in  modern 
dental  art?  Have  you  informed  them  that  no  teeth  need  be 
extracted  ?  Have  you  spread  the  news  that  artificial  crowns  could 
be  attached  to  roots?  iVb,  but  on  the  contrary  your  efforts  have 
been  to  muzzle  the  public  press.  Nay,  you  have  gone  still  further. 
Your  code  practically  nullifies  one  of  the  most  generous  acts  of  our 
government  when  it  prohibits  members  from  dealing  in  patents. 
Perhaps  no  class  of  men  needs  to  be  remunerated  for  their  invent- 


•   fi 

ivc  genius  nioi'o  than  those  wlio  follow  a  profession,  with  limited 
means  and  an  occupation  that  requires  contant  personal  supervi- 
sion, otherwise  no  income  can  accrue,  knowing  that,  when  sickness 
ovei"takes,  the  whole  machine  stops,  while  expenses  continue.  Yet 
in  the  face  of  these  facts  \'our  efforts  are  to  completely  annihilate 
e\erN-  prospect  of  the  in\entor,  and  as  a  result  \<)u  force  his  hard- 
earned  biead  into  the  hands  of  the  dental  manufacturer,  to  whom 
\()u  seem  perfectly  willing  to  pay  that  which  belongs  to  the  in- 
\entor.  In  other  words,  it  is  perfectly  proper  foi*  the  dental  man- 
ufacturer to  jDatent  every  tool  or  product,  but  the  dentist;  oh,  no; 
it  is  unprofessional—  not  quite  ethical  to  handle  his  own  patent. 
Perhaps  the  nature  of  some  inventions  are  more  appropriate  in  the 
hands  of  the  manufacturer,  but  there  are  others,  such  as  bridge 
work,  that  must  be  handled  by  the  dentist  alone  and  worked  on  the 
license  or  royalty  plan.  The  government  grants  to  the  inventor 
the  exclusi\'e  right,  for  the  term  of  seventeen  years,  to  handle  his 
inventions  entirely  in  his  own  interests,  and  by  what  authority  can 
others  expect  to  share  these  privileges  except  at  his  pleasure?  If, 
for  example,  it  was  his  desire  to  monopolize,  for  his  own  use,  the 
entire  city  of  New  York,  including  all  others,  granting  no  licenses, 
upon  what  grounds  could  others  be  justified  in  demanding  a  divi- 
sion excejot  by  paying  just  what  he  choose  to  ask,  and  if  not  worth 
the  price  let  it  alone  for  seventeen  years,  when  all  can  share  equal 
advantages.  Is  there  any  good  reason  why  the  practicing  dentist 
should  not  enjoy  the  same  advantages  as  the  dental  depot  located 
in  a  city  of  300,000  inhabitants?  No  other  dealer  can  become 
established  except  by  consent  of  the  Dental  Trade  Association. 
►Suppose  we  form  a  coinbination  and  permit  only  a  certain  agreed 
number  of  dentists  to  practice  in  each  place.  Why  not?  This  act 
of  the  D.  T.  A.  is  equivalent  to  a  patent,  if  not  greater  in  its  con- 
trol, being  the  branch  of  a  grand  head  center  whose  very  life 
dejoends  on  maintaining  the  highest  prices  for  its  wares.  In  plain 
English,  a  gigantic  monopoly  that  bids  fair  to  last  forever,  while 
the  poor  pi-actitioner  cannot  expect  his  little  side  show  to  exist 
longer  than  seventeen  years.  These  same  monopolists  base  their 
power  on  the  patent  S3^stem,  and  are  remarkably  persevering  in 
securing  letters  patent  on  every  tool,  art  or  product.  Reconcile 
these  discordant  things  as  best  you  can,  and  the}-  will  be  at  vari- 
ance with  soimd  sense  and  true  business  principles. 


With  such  glaring  errors  emanating  from  those  who  assume  to 
he  the  representative  men  of  the  profession,  is  it  any  wonder  that 
out  of  a  grand  total  of  12,000  practicing  dentists  the  largest  aver- 
age yearly  meetings  are  seldom  over  300.  Clearly  there  must  be 
something  radically  wrong,  and  the  time  must  be  about  ripe  when 
the  masses  of  the  profession  will  find  it  to  their  advantage  to  form 
an  Independent  Dental  Society  that  will  have  a  little  moi'e  charity 
in  its  heart  in  favor  of  their  inventors  and  a  wider  interest  extended 
to  the  suffering  public  especially  through  the  medium  of  the  press. 

These  facts  were  placed  before  the  Association  and,  after  a 
short  discussion  pro  and  con,  the  following  withdrawal  was  ac- 
cepted : 

NIAC4ARA  Falls,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  3,  1887. 
To  the  President  and  Members  of  the  American  Dental  Association  : 

Gentlemen — Being  the  inventor  and  patentee  of  several  improvements  in 
the  Art  of  Dentistry,  which  require  modes  of  handling  contrary  to  the  rules 
of  your  ethics,  I  therefore  ask  that  my  name  be  stricken  from  the  list  as  a 
member. 

Yours  very  respectfully, 

C.  H.  LAND. 


SIONIFIC^NT. 

In  consideration  of  the  adverse  feeling  of  all  Dental  Societies 
who  uphold  an  exceedingly  arbitrary  code  of  ethics  and  are  bit- 
terly opposed  to  patents  and  the  judicious  use  of  the  public  press,  I 
feel  justified  in  protecting  my  interests.  Having  secured  patents 
on  my  inventions,  it  will  be  my  privilege  not  to  allow  any  one  the 
right  of  use  until  it  is  agreed  to  judiciously  advertise  the  same  in 
the  public  press,  for  I  believe  that  it  is  a  fundamental  principle  of 
success  to  make  known  any  and  all  improvements  as  rapidly  as 
possible,  using  every  honest  means  at  our  command.  Indeed,  I 
am  sure  that  it  becomes  our  duty  to  publicly  announce  the  benefits 
to  be  derived  from  any  source,  and  he  who  will  take  this  broad 
and  liberal  viev/  cannot  be  adjudged  dishonorable.  And  in  accord- 
ance with  the  sentiments  here  expressed,  I  deem  it  appropriate  to 
give  a  short  description  of  my  work,  in  the  following  pages,  so  that 
the  public  may  better  coin))rchcnd  the  value  of  my  efforts. 

Respect  fully, 

C.  II.   LAND, 


8 

Freeport,  111.,  Nov,  22,  18S7. 
Dear   Dr.  Land: 

Can't  vou  come  over  and  help  us  at  our  next  State  Society 
meeting,  to  be  held  at  Cairo  in  May?  We  have  not  seen  the 
overcoats  made  or  the  new  furnace  operated,  and  as  we  expect  to 
have  a  very  large  meeting,  we  extend  to  you  a  most  cordial  invi- 
tation. Now  don't  say  no,  but  come  and  do  us  good.  We  are 
going  to  make  clinics  a  special  feature  at  our  meeting  and  expect 
experts  from  all  sides.  Please  answer  me  favorably  as  soon  as 
possible  and  oblige  Yours  truly, 

W.  H.  TAGGART,  Chairman  Ex.  Com. 


Detroit,  Nov.  28,  1887. 
VV.  H.  Taggart,  D.  D.  S.,  Freeport,  111.: 

Dear  Sir — As  the  patentee  of  inventions  for  the  benefit  of 
the  public  generally,  it  would  not  be  consistent  for  me  to  accept 
your  kind  invitation.  A  careful  study  of  the  interests  of  the 
inventor  and  those  of  all  dental  gatherings  will  clearly  demonstrate 
that  the  principles  involved  are  directly  opposed  to  each  other. 
The  motives  that  prompt  men  to  meet  together  are  distinguished 
li}'  the  desire  for  mutual  benefit,  while  those  of  the  patentee  are 
very  much  abbreviated,  and  in  the  absence  of  any  substantial 
efforts  on  the  part  of  our  societies  to  provide  suitable  rewards  for 
meritorious  inventions,  it  entitles  the  patentee  to  qualify  as  one 
who,  in  the  absence  of  your  mutual  support,  can  take  no  other 
course  than  entirely  in  his  own  interests,  which,  as  I  have  before 
mentioned,  is  directly  opposed  to  all  dental  gatherings,  and  your 
code  -of  ethics  specifically  announces  the  fact.  For  this  reason 
together  with  several  others  that  will  be  found  in  m}^  pamphlet 
entitled,  "The  Inconsistencies  of  Our  Code  or  Dental  Ethics" — a 
cop}'  of  which  will  be  mailed  to  your  address — I  have  found  it 
necessary  to  withdraw  from  all  dental  societies.  I  can  assure  you 
that  to  deprive  myself  of  the  privileges  to  be  derived  from  meeting 
on  equable  terms  with  my  fellow  co-laborers  is  to  relinquish  a 
pleasure  that  will  be  keenly  felt  as  a  great  loss.  In  declining  this 
invitation,  it  is  niy  desire  to  place  before  your  committee  the  exact 
position  that  circumstances  have  outlined  for  me  by  jji'i^ctically 
informing  you  that  my  patents  are  to  be  governed  strictly  accord- 
ing  to   the  nature  of  the  invention.     And   as   the  real   value  of  a 


patent  depends  oil  its  securing  exclusive  territory,  therefore  In 
order  to  make  it  valuable  to  the  purchaser,  have  decided  to  grant 
exclusive  licenses  for  town,  city  and  counties.  I  am  convinced  that 
this  is  the  only  way  in  which  to  handle   process   patents.     Thank- 

Yours  truly, 

C.  H.  LAND. 


ing  you  for  the  interest  taken 


Dl^.   C.   H.  LAND'S 

COMPOUND 

Gas  or  Gasoline  Furnace, 


JP^-TEaTTEIS    TJ!i.a^^,  3cL,   ISSS. 


10 

size  No.  1,  especially  adapted  for  continuous  gum  work,  all 
kinds  of  muffle  work,  crucible  work,  blowpipe  work,  forging  and 
brazing.  It  is  tlie  most  complete  furnace  ever  devised  ff)r  the 
chemist,  assayer,  je\\'eler,  dentist  and  metallurgist.  The  range  of 
vv(n'k  that  can  be  accomplished  with  it  is  practically  \vithout  limit. 
Iron,  brass  and  steel  castings  weighing  from  2  to  12  pounds  can  be 
made  in  from  7  to  30  minutes.  A  muffle  8  inches  long,  3^^  inches 
wide,  2 14  inches  high  inside  measurement,  can  be  heated  to  over 
3240'-'  F.  in  25  minutes,  suffijient  to  melt  Nvrought  iron.  Fig.  1 
represents  the  furnace  closed  and  ready  for  muffle  work.  A  A  is 
iron  pipe,  capable  of  both  a  sliding  and  swinging  motion.  (See  L 
Fig.  2),  to  which  the  door  or  plug  is  securelv  attached.  There  is 
a  small  hole  in  the  door,  covered  with  a  piece  of  mica,  through 
which  all  operations  can  be  seen.  Observe  that  the  iron  pipe  is 
connected  to  rubber  tubing  B,  and  with  pipe  having  an  air  cock  C, 
which  regulates  the  quantitv  of  air  passing  into  the  mouth  of  the 
muffle.  It  will  also  be  noticed  that  the  pipe  passes  over  the  two 
holes  D  D,  thus  bv  the  escaping  flame  the  pipe  is  heated  to  red- 
ness and  provides  a  superheated  air  before  reaching  the  muffle; 
this  column  of  air  forced  into  the  muffle  keeps  up  a  counter  press- 
ure within,  so  much  greater  than  the  pressure  produced  by  the 
blast  within  the  fire  chamber,  that  all  foul  gases  are  presented 
from  entering  the  muffle  even  though  it  is  cracked ;  thus  the  most 
delicate  porcelain  can  be  baked  without  the  least  danger  of  so- 
called  gasing.  Also  it  will  be  seen  that  by  connecting  the  rubber 
pipe  with  retorts  or  gasometers  any  desired  vapor  or  gas  could  be 
forced  into  the  muffle,  making  the  furnace  invaluable  for  scientific 
experiments. 

Fig.  2  illustrates  the  furnace  thrown  open,  being  swung  on 
hinges  at  the  back,  exposing  the  muffle  E.  The  groove  F  P  is 
packed  with  asbestos  fibre,  so  that  w^hen  the  sections  are  brought 
together  the  furnace  will  be  perfectly  air  and  gas  tight.  The 
hooks  F  F  are  to  hold  the  upper  section  secure  to  the  lower.  The 
gas  and  air  connections  are  so  arranged  that  the  ordinar}-  blowpipe 
can  be  attached  as  shown  at  G.  When  the  muffle  E  is  removed, 
it  exposes  two  burners  and  a  fire-brick  surface  made  to  fit  the  vari- 
ous appliances  for  crucible,  ladle  and  blowpipe  work.  One  or  both 
burners  can  be  operated  in  conjunction  with  the  blowpipe  G,  The 
air  cock  R  is  to  provide  a  means  for  shutting  off  the  air  supply 
from    either    buiner    when    required.      II  is  the  gas   supply,   K   air 


pipe  connecting  with  the  bellows.  Size  of  muffle,  inside  measure- 
ment, 8  inches  long,  2%  inches  high,  3i^  inches  wide.  With  gas- 
oHne  gas  porcelain  teeth  can  he  enameled  in  from  10  to  15  min- 
utes; ordinary  city  gas  in  from  15  to  25  minutes,  according  to 
quality.  In  80  minutes  a  heat  sufficient  to  destroy  the  muffle  can 
])e  jiroduced,  which  indicates  a  temperature  of  over  3240'-'  F,,  much 
higher  than  is  ever  needed  for  all  kinds  of  work,  except  the  fusing 
of  ])latinum.  Three-eighths-inch  gas  pipe  will  supply  sufficient 
gas,  and  can  he  worked  with  ordinary  foot  hellows. 

THE  CI^OT7s7-3:T  ^'-U"I^I^^^i^CE 
is  about  one-fourtli  the  size  of  No.  I— muffle  3  inches  long,  Ij^ 
inches  in  diameter.  It  is  a /ar  ^/w/Ze  of  No.  1,  liaving  blowpipe 
in\i\  crucible  attachment,  and  is  especially  adapted  for  enamel  fill- 
ings, crown  and  sectional  block  work;  is  much  easier  to  opei'ate 
than  Nf).  I  and  does  the  work  more  rajiidK  . 


12 


Re-printed  from  '•'■Items  of  Interest^''  October^  iS36. 

ARE  HYDRO-OARBON  OR  GAS  FURNACES  A  SUCCESS? 


By  Dr.  C.  H.  LAND,  Detroit,  Mich. 


For  those  who  are  not  familiar  with  the  nature  of  liydi'o-car- 
lions,  the  philosophy  of  their  combustion,  etc.,  gas  furnaces  are  not 
satisfactory;  but  the  mastery  of  a  few  definite  facts  will  make  the 
whole  subject  plain  and  the  process  easy.  During  the  past  year  it 
has  been  my  pleasure  to  bake  over  one  hundred  sets  of  continuous 
gum  Avork,  also  sections  of  block  work,  porcelain,  etc.  This  I 
have  done  with  no  more  trouble  than  to  turn  on  the  desired  quan- 
tity of  gas  and  air  and  wait  till  the  operation  of  baking  was  com- 
pleted. Starting  from  a  cold  muffle  it  requires  but  fifteen 
minutes  for  the  first  biscuit,  ten  minutes  for  the  second,  and  fifteen 
minutes  to  enamel,  and  where  two  furnaces  are  emploved  a  slab 
of  sectional  block  teeth  can  be  enameled  every  five  minutes  in  the 
most  perfect  manner,  w^ith  unerring  precision.  Some  gas  furnaces 
have  been  a  failure  principally  on  account  of  their  liability  to  gas 
the  teeth.  The  accompanying  illustration  w^ill  make  the  philoso- 
phy of  combustion  more  clear  and  give  the  reasons  why  teeth  are 
injured.      A  represents  the  burner,  B  B  B  fire-brick  lining;  C  C  C 


combustion   chamber,  D  interior  of   mufiie.       The    arrows   indicate 


13 

the  direction  of  the  blast.  The  space  in  the  combustion  chamber 
between  the  lines  E  E  is  where  carbon  monoxide(c  o)  is  formed — 
a  gas  containing  one  equivalent  less  of  oxygen  than  carbon  dioxide 
— simply  an  imperfect  state  of  combustion.  It  is  this  gas  that  in- 
jures the  body  and  the  enamel.  By  reference  to  the  illustration  it 
will  be  seen  that  the  little  arrows  are  made  to  appear  passing 
through  the  pores  of  the  muffle,  and  as  the  direction  of  the  blast 
from  the  burner  A  is  directly  against  the  bottom  of  the  muffle, 
with  a  pressure  of  one  pound  to  the  square  inch,  a  portion  of  the 
carbon  monoxide  (c  o)  is  extremely  liable  to  be  forced  through  its 
pores  and  will  be  taken  up  with  the  body  during  the  first  and  sec- 
ond biscuiting,  here  to  remain  until  the  enameling  process;  and  as 
this  takes  a  much  higher  degree  of  heat,  it  causes  the  gas  to  be 
eliminated,  as  shown  in  the  numerous  small  bubbles  on  the  sur- 
face. The  space  between  the  lines  E  E  and  within  the  combus- 
tion chamber  C  C  C,  should  be  known  as  the  first  stage  of  com- 
bustion, where  a  certain  portion  of  carbon  monoxide  (c  o)  is  always 
present,  and  the  space  between  the  lines  G  and  E,  within  the 
chamber  C,  should  be  known  as  the  second  stage  of  combustion. 
In  the  first  stage  of  combustion  one  equivalent  of  oxygen  from  the 
atmosphere  unites  with  the  hydro-carbon  to  form  carbon  monoxide 
(c  o);in  the  second  stage,  two  unite  to  form  carbon  dioxide (c  o^  ), 
or  carbonic  acid.  In  m}-  first  experiments  in  baking  porcelain 
with  hvdro-carbon  fuels,  nitrogen  was  injected  into  the  muffle  as  a 
protection  to  the  teeth,  and  proved  highly  successful.  Further 
investigation  has  shown  that  porcelain  can  be  baked  satisfactorily 
by  using  a  little  air.  Fig  1  represents  my  new  furnace  closed  and 
ready  for  muffle  work.  In  Fig.  2  see  exposed  position  of  muffle. 
A  A,  Fig.  1,  is  iron  pipe  capable  of  both  a  sliding  and  a  swinging 
motion  (see  L,  Fig.  2),  to  which  the  door  or  plug  is  securely 
attached.  Rubber  tubing  B,  Fig.  1,  connects  with  air  supply  at 
cock  C.  This  regulates  the  quantity  of  air  passing  into  the  muffle. 
In  the  illustration  you  have  seen  that  the  monoxide  of  carbon  (co) 
is  extremely  liable  to  penetrate  the  muffle.  We  will  assume  that 
a  small  portion  has  entered  the  muffle;  then  what  could  be  more 
reasonable  than  to  force  in  a  small  quantity  of  air  to  unite  with 
(c  o)  to  form  (co/).  To  prove  the  theory  correct,  the  entire 
upper  portion  of  the  muffle  can  be  perforated  with  holes;  this  will 
,'illow  the  products  of  combustion  (c  o^ )  to   pour  in  it  a  constant 


14 

stream,  and  \  ct  a  set  of  Iccth  can  lie  leaked  succcssfiilh'  witliout 
anv  (lanj^er  of  ^asing,  thoiii^h,  o\\in<4'  to  the  one  e(]ui^■alent  of  car- 
I1011  a  sliij^ht  discoloration  of  the  enamel  will  be  observed.  By 
])erforatin^'  the  muffle  with  three  i^-inch  holes  on  the  upper  por- 
tion of  the  rear  end  it  will  gi^'e  vent  to  foul  gases,  and  when  a 
current  of  air  is  passed  in  at  the  front  the  tendency  would  be  to 
j)ass  out  at  the  rear.  As  this  current  of  air  consists  of  nitrogen 
and  oxygen,  the  latter  would  unite  with  any  (c  o)  that  might  be 
present,  leaving  an  excess  of  the  former.  Nitrogen  not  uniting 
radically  with  anything,  serves  as  a  protection  to  substances  placed 
within  the  muffle. 

It  has  been  customary  to  perforate  the  end  of  the  muffle  in 
coal  or  coke  furnaces,  and  as  the  natural  draft  would  draw  a  siiffi- 
cient  quantity  of  air  through  the  muffle,  any  monoxide  of  carbon 
23resent  would  be  eliminated,  consequently  teeth  were  not  gased  un- 
less placed  in  a  cracked  muffle.  In  all  hydro-carbon  furnaces  it  is 
necessary  to  use  a  blast  to  secure  the  required  amount  of  heat,  and 
the  pressure  must  be  at  least  one  pound  to  the  square  inch;  this  is 
to  force  the  proper  amount  of  oxygen  into  the  combustion  cham- 
ber. Perfect  combustion  will  not  take  place  in  natural-draft  gas 
furnaces,  because  a  sufficient  quantity  of  air  cannot  be  drawn  into 
the  combustion  chamber  without  the  use  of  a  positive  blast;  it  there- 
fore becomes  necessary  to  force  both  the  air  and  the  gas  under 
pressure  into  the  combustion  chamber,  the  higher  the  pressure  the 
greater  the  heat.  My  office  is  located  in  a  building  where  steam  power 
is  available,  from  this  I  secure  an  air  supplv,  conducted  by  means 
of  gas  jDipes,  into  my  laboratory,  so  that  by  slmplv  turning  on  a 
supply  of  gas  and  air,  teeth  are  baked  with  much  less  trouble  than 
vulcanizing.  Where  it  is  customarv  to  bake  ever}-  day,  a  motive 
power  is  the  most  desirable,  but  where  only  an  occasional  set  of 
teeth  is  required,  the  ordinary  foot  bellows  answers  better.  But  fif- 
teen minutes  of  pumping  is  sufficient  for  each  bake,  and  wnth  a 
little  assistance  the  work  is  comparativelv  easv. 

The  Use  of  Gasoline. — During  the  past  year  I  have  been  using 
74  gasoline  with  as  perfect  results  as  any  other  hydro-carbon;  and 
with  the  ordinary  foot  bellows,  as  manufactured  by  the  Buffalo 
Dental  Manufacturing  Co.,  I  can  bake  a  set  of  continuous  gum 
work  in  fifteen  minutes,  starting  from  a  cold  muffle.  All  kinds  of 
cruicible  work    and    soldering  with  the  blow-pipe,   can   be  done 


15 

e([ually  well  as  with  city  j^as.  One  gallon  of  gasoline,  costing  fif- 
teen cents,  will  bake  a  set  of  teeth.  Therefore,  dentists  living  in 
localities  where  there  is  no  gas  can  secure  equal  advantages  in  the 
use  of  74  gasoline.  City  gas,  at  $2.50  per  thousand  feet,  will  cost 
about  the  same. 


TESTIMONIALS, 

Dk.  Land: 

Dear  Sir : — Having  used  one  of  your  gas  furnaces  in  my  office 
for  the  last  eight  months.  I  confidently  recommend  it  to  any  one 
who  desires  to  do  original  w^ork.  By  its  use  a  finer  class  of  den- 
tal operations  can  be  performed,  such  as  porcelain  fillings,  enamel 
facings,  restoring  crowns  and  piAoting,  which  are  not  practicable 
without  it.  It  bakes  continuous  gum  work  beautifully,  and  no  dan- 
ger of  gasing  it;  is  simple  and  easily  managed,  after  a  little  practice. 
To  use  the  words  of  one  prominent  in  the  profession,  "it  will  be  a 
brighter  da}^  for  dentistry  when  our  better  men  introduce  and  use 
furnaces  in  their  offices,  for  it  will  be  an  indication  of  better  work 
done." 

The  Land  Gas  Furnace  simplifies  the  process  of  baking  mater- 
ially. I  may  also  add  that  I  find  3-our  furnace  admirably  adapted 
for  melting,  soldering,  and  even  brazing  purposes. 

D.  V.  BEACOCK. 
Brockville,  Canada. 


Des  Moines,  Iowa,  August  14,  1887. 
I)k.  C.  H.  Land,  Detroit,  Mich.:  .        « 

Dear  vSir — Enclosed  find  draft  on  N.  Y.  for  $3.95  for  the 
three  muffles  and  two  slides.  I  think  you  have  made  an  improve- 
ment on  the  old  style  muflflcs.  I  have  baked  a  set  of  continuous 
gum  teeth  in  the  new^  muffle,  and  several  enamel  fillings,  and  the 
longest  time,  from  a  cold  muffle,  was  twenty-eight  minutes;  and  all 
came  out  perfect — could  not  ask  anything  nicer.  Since  getting  in 
my  one-quarter  horse-power  electric  motor,  have  no  trouble  w^ith 
checks  in  the  enamel,  and  have  not  had  to  turn  a  case  around  to  get 
an  even  bake;  it  comes  out  baked  all  over  alike.  You  could  not 
get  me  to  go  back  to  the  coke  furnace  again.  Since  I  was  up 
to  your  city  last  April,  hav(;  baked  quite  a  numbgr  of  sets  of  contin- 


uous  gum  teeth,  and  enamel  fillings,  and  some  of  them  were  baked 
in  cracked  muffles  that  I  could  see  through,  and  as  yet  have  the 
first  piece  of  work  to  come  out  gased;  and  that  is  what  you  can't 
do  on  a  coke  furnace.  My  motor  runs  the  blower  a  little  too  fast 
— about  1,000  revolutions  jDer  minute — so  I  enlarged  the  pulley  on 
the  blower  about  one-half  inch,  to  cut  down  speed,  and  now  it  is 
about  right.  I  hope  you  will  get  around  here  this  fall,  for  1  want 
you  to  see  my  outfit.  I  have  it  so  arranged  that  I  would  rather 
bake  a  set  of  continuous  gum  teeth  than  to  vulcanize  a  set  of  rub- 
ber. 

Dr.,  I  got  your  pamphlet  you  sent  me,  and  I  like  the  ring  of  it. 
If  we  were  alloWed  the  use  of  the  press  to  inform  the  public  what 
we  can  do  for  them,  there  would  be  a  less  number  of  teeth  sacri- 
ficed, but  as  it  is  now,  we  can  only  enlighten  them  as  they  come  to 
our  ofiices.  I  hope  you  will  come  out  of  the  fight  on  top.  Dr.,  if 
you  want  to  use  my  name  in  regard  to  the  furnace,  you  are  at  a  per- 
fect liberty  to  do  so.  Anything  I  have  said  m  this  letter  in  favor 
of  the  furnace  you  are  at  liberty  to  use  over  my  signature,  or  I  will 
get  you  up  a  testimonial. 

Respectfully  yours, 

C.  THOMAS. 


17 


Jrom  "  The  Cente7-r 

WONDERS  IN  DENTISTRY. 

Dr.    C.  H.  Land,  of  Detroit,    Makes  Improvements  of  Rare  Excellence 
and   Wins   the   Gratitude  of  Thousands   Who  Suffer. 


Ever  since  the  time  when  teeth  first  began  to  ache  there  has 
been  most  earnest  inquiry  as  to  what  could  be  done  to  alleviate  the 
distress.  The  "heroic"  method  of  suffering  patiently  was  not  suf- 
ficient to  meet  the  emergencies  of  the  case,  it  being  speedily  found 
that  the  only  effectual  way  was  to  go  to  the  "root  of  the  matter," 
and  in  some  way  stop  the  pain.  The  first  remedy  was  the  barbaric, 
and  only  permissible  because  the  ignorance  of  the  times  could  des- 
ignate nothing  else — a  remedy  none  the  less  barbaric  because  con- 
tinued by  many  respectable  practitioners  at  the  present  time, 
namely :  extraction.  The  tooth  once  out,  its  individual  pain  surely 
ceased,  save  as  it  often  left  an  "aching  void." 

But  teeth  once  out  were  out  permanently,  and  experience  was 
not  long-  in  deciding:  that  it  were  better  far  to  save  the  teeth  if 
possible,  some  way  being  devised  to  stop  the  pain  and  arrest  the 
one  great  cause — decay — inducing  it.  Hence  the  discovery  or 
invention  of  the  method  or  rather  methods  of  filling.  This  discov- 
ery was  without  doubt  a  wonderful  one,  and  one  which  justly 
excited  the  gratitude  of  nations.  Tooth  filling  with  gold,  silver 
and  various  compounds  is  still  in  vogue,  accomplishing  great  good ; 
and,  also,  in  view  of  the  better  way  of  most  recent  science,  accom- 
plishing great  harm ;  indeed,  this  tooth-filling  harm  or  evil,  like 
the  evil  of  tooth-pulling,  is  so  great  as  at  the  least  to  invite  the 
serious  attention  of  every  true  friend  of  his  race. 

The  most  recent  remedy  of  science  for  diseased  teeth  to  whicli 
we  refer,  is  not  a  process  by  which  they  are  taken  out  or  filled, 
but  one  by  which  they  are  buii.t  up  of  material  akin  to  their  own. 
This  is  a  process  which  Dr.  Land  has  discovered  and  brought  to  a 
perfection  that  entitles  him  to  his  present  place  of  prominence.  By 
this  process  dentistry  is  placed  on  an  entirely  new  basis,  making 
an  epoch  in  the  history  of  this  wonderful  department  <?f  ijciencc 
find  art, 


18 

To  describe  Dr.  Land's  invention  in  full  is  hardly  possible  in  a 
brief  sketch  like  this.  It  is  enough  to  say  that  after  a  very  simple 
and  harmless,  but  most  effectual  preparation  of  the  effected  tooth, 
it  is  made  to  receive  a  tooth  portion  exactly  corresponding  in  sub- 
stance, shape  and  color  to  that  which  decay  has  removed.  The 
practical  result  is  that  the  "wheels  of  time"  in  one's  life  are  so 
turned  back  that  one's  teeth  are  made  to  appear  and  actually  are 
precisely  as  they  ^vere  before  decay  set  in  or  aches  began  to  dis- 
tract w^ith  their  pain. 

So  effectually  and  skillfully  is  this  work  done,  that  teeth  thus 
treated  will  ache  no  more,  and  no  eye  can  discover  the  cavitv 
which  formerly  was,  or  distinguish  the  tooth  operated  on  from  its 
fellows.  Nor  is  this  all,  teeth  that  are  improperly  developed,  and 
therefore  unserviceable  and  unsightly,  are  so  "assisted"  that  they 
immediately  take  companion  place  of  service  with  the  other  teeth. 
Therefore,  not  the  least  among  the  benefits  of  this  latter  feature  of 
Dr.  Land's  work  is  that  the  hideous  deformities  of  "mouth  jew- 
elry," consequent  on  old-fashioned  gold  filling,  are  done  away 
with,  and  one's  teeth  are  all  given  that  fullness  and  regularity  of 
form  and  that  pearly  whiteness  of  appearance  which  are  the  pride 
of  true  refinement. 

Under  these  circumstances,  one  asks  in  vain  at  Dr.  Land's  office 
to  have  a  tooth  extracted,  it  being  his  mission  to  build  up  and  save 
rather  than  to  pull  out  by  the  roots.  Non-extraction  has  indeed 
been  the  tendency  of  the  better  practitioners  of  late  years,  and  a 
good  degree  of  success  has  been  attained;  but  Dr.  Land  proposes 
to  anticipate  the  slow  development  of  a  mere  "tendency"  by  wholly 
declining  to  extract  teeth,  save  in  the  most  extreme  and  desperate 
cases.  Of  course  he  has,  with  others,  onl}-  condemnation  for  those 
who  advertise  teeth  extracted  without  pain. 

So  rapidly  has  Dr.  Land's  business  grown  that  he  has  just 
taken  the  entire  second  floor  (only  one  flight  of  stairs  from  the 
street)  of  the  Herald  building,  at  No.  264  Woodward  avenue,  De- 
troit. There  he  has  a  suite  of  a  half  dozen  rooms,  unsurpassed  in 
beauty  and  convenience  by  any  in  the  city.  They  include  draw- 
ing room,  toilet  room,  two  operating  rooms,  laboratory,  etc.,  and 
so  complete  are  all  the  details  of  service  that  work  is  done  without 
\he  tedious  delays  which  often  torment  the  patient, 


19 


A 


Refrinted  from  the  '■'•Independent  Practitioner^''  of  August,  1886. 

NEW   SYSTEM    OF   EESTOEING   BADLY   DECAYED   TEETH  BY 
MEANS  OP  AN  ENAMELED  METALLIC  COATING. 


By  Dr.  C.  H.  LAND,  Detroit,  Mich. 


Fig.  21. 


This  invention  consists  of  an  artificial  coating  of  platinum  made 
to  fit  the  outside  of  the  teeth,  after  which  the  anterior  surface  is 
coated  with  a  porcelain  enamel  front,  made  to  imitate  the  natural 
organs  so  perfectly  that  the  art  is  concealed.  Many  of  the  long 
and  tedious  operations,  where  it  has  been  deemed  necessary  to 
insert  large  and  conspicuous  gold  fillings,  may,  by  this  process,  be 
avoided,  while  better  results  are  attained. 

Fig  21  is  a  typical  case,  where 
in  place  of  inserting  the  usual  gold 
fillings,  the  anterior  surface  may 
be  reduced  by  means  of  small  cor- 
undum wheels  used'  in  the  dental 
engine,  as  indicated  in  Figures  1 
and  2,  Plate  A. 

Fig.  13,  Plate  B,  is  the  prepared  crown,  ready  for  adjustment 
to  the  same  by  the  use  of  oxy-phosphate  cement.  Fig.  22  repre- 
sents a  typical  case  of  undeveloped  lateral  incisors,  which  can  be 
enlarged  to  the  proper  size  by  the  same  means. 

Fig.  4,  Plate  A,  represents  a  decayed  molar.  Fig.  8  is  the  same 
prepai'ed  to  receive  the  amalgam  filling,  which,  when  sufficiently 
hard,  is  prepared,  as  shown  in  Fig.  12,  ready  to  have  the  crown. 
Fig.  16,  cemented  to  it  with  oxy-phosphate  cement.  Fig.  9  is  a 
central  incisor,  Fig.  10  is  a  cuspid  and  Fig.  11  a  bicuspid.  Figures 
13,  14  and  15,  the  crowns  ready  for  adjustment.  Those  who  object 
to  the  use  of  amalgam  may  use  white  cement  or  gutta-percha  for 
fastening. 

The  manner  of  procedure  in  the 
case  of  devitalized  and  discolored 
incisors  is  first  to  prepare  the  teeth 
as  shown  in  Plate  A,  Figures  1  and 
2.  Then  a  thin  piece  of  platinum 
plate.  No.  30,  standard  guage, 
;jhoul<^  l?e   fitted   accurately  to  the  yig,  33, 


20 

tooth,  foi"ming  a  hollow  shell.  Enamel  fronts  are  now  ground  to 
fit,  as  shown  in  Figures  17,  18,  19  and  20;  after  which  they  are 
fused  to  the  platinum  in  the  same  manner  as  continuous  gum  work, 
by  using  a  porcelain  body  prepared  expressly  for  the  purpose.  By 
the  use  of  Land's  Gas  Furnace  this  can  be  done  in  ten  minutes. 
The  enamel  fronts  and  body  are  also  manufactured  and  for  sale 
by  the  Wilmington  Dental  Manufacturing  Co. 


5  6  7  8 

Plate  A. 

Fig.  9  represents  a  central  incisor  built  up  w^ith  amalgam  or 
cement,  to  which  the  platinum  is  closely  fitted,  after  which  the 
enamel  front,  Fig.  17,  is  ground  to  fit  and  fused  to  the  shell,  as 
shown  in  Fig.  13,  ready  for  adjustment  to  Fig.  9.  Figures  10,  IJ 
and  12  are  modifications  for  canine,  bicuspid  and  molars,  ready  to 
receive  the  prepared  coatings,  Nos.  14,  15  and  16. 

In  introducing  this  class  of  work  to  the  dental  profession,  a 
means  is  afforded  through  which  a  much  better  artistic  effect  can 
be  attained  and  the  preservation  of  a  larger  amount  of  tooth  struc- 
ture be  secured.  Add  to  this  the  fact  that  there  is  but  very  little 
pain  or  fatigue,  either  for  the  patient  or  operator,  and  it  will  be 
doubly  appreciated. 

During  the  past  year  this  class  of  work  has  been  thoroughh'- 
tested  as  to  durability  and  found  to  be  much  more  reliable  than 
gold  fillings.  In  large  contour  work  the  frail  walls  of  the  tooth 
must  be  the  main  dependence  of  support,  while  with  the  hollow 
?hell  the  weak  tooth  is  held  together.     Thus  it  will  be  seen  hovv^ 


21 

much  more  complete  is  the  preservation  of  tooth  substance,  it  not 
being  necessary  to  make  undercuts  or  retaining  pits. 


17  18  19  20 

Plate  B. 
A  young"  lady  recently  presented  herself  with  both  central 
incisors  broken  off  by  accident,  the  left  one  having  lost  about  half 
its  crown,  with  complete  exposui^e  of  the  pulp;  the  right  one  hav- 
ing only  about  one-sixth  of  its  substance  gone.  Her  teeth  were 
unusually  well  preserved,  while  the}-  were  large  and  quite  con- 
spicuous. The  right  central  w^as  easily  restored  to  a  good  contour 
by  a  little  gi-inding.  The  left,  after  necessary  treatment,  was  sim- 
ply ground  down  upon  the  anterior  surface,  an  operation  demand- 
ing less  than  ten  minutes  of  time.  In  twenty  minutes  more  a 
platinum  overcoat  was  fitted  to  it,  and  the  enamel  front  ground  to 
it.  This  completed  the  first  sitting.  In  the  afternoon  of  the  same 
day  it  required  but  a  sitting  of  fifteen  ininutes  to  adjust  the  pre- 
pared coating.  The  result  was  a  complete  restoration,  with  the 
least  possible  amount  of  inconvenience  to  the  patient  and  the  great- 
est amount  of  tooth  substance  preserved.  Contrast  this  operation 
with  what  it  would  have  been  necessary  to  do  had  I  attempted  to 
restore  the  tooth  by  means  of  a  gold  filling,  or  to  place  upon  the 
root  a  properly  prepared  gold  crown.  Think  of  the  long  and 
tedious  operation,  and  when  completed  what  a  conspicuous  piece 
of  mouth  jewelry  it  would  have  presented,  and  you  may,  perhaps, 
realize  a  part  of  the  degree  of  satisfaction  which  I  felt  when  I  fin- 
ished mv  operation, 


'22 


l^eprinted  from  the  '•'■Independent  Practitioner'''  of  Pebruary,  i8$j. 

METALLIC  ENAMEL  SECTIONS,  A  NEW  SYSTEM  FOE 
FILLING  TEETH. 


By  Dr.  C.  H.  LAND,  Detroit,  Mich. 


In  the  July  number  of  the  Independent  Practitioner  a  descrip- 
tion is  given  of  my  new  process  of  coating  badly  decayed  teeth. 
In  addition  to  this,  I  have  devised  a  means  of  filling  teeth  w^ith 
prepared  sections  of  porcelain,  or  it  may  be  designated  as  a  system 
of  partial  crow^n  vs^ork.  By  reference  to  the  engraving.  Figs.  2,  7, 
10,  12  and  15,  there  vs^ill  be  seen  characteristic  conditions  of  decay 
suitable  for  this  class  of  work.  Figs.  2  and  7  are  the  prepared  cav- 
ities on  anterior  sides  of  molars.  The  manner  of  procedure  is  to 
burnish  a  thin  piece  of  annealed  platinum  plate  into  the  cavity. 
This  takes  a  perfect  impression  of  its  outlines.  The  surplus  edges 
are  trimmed  off  and  platinum  pins  attached,  using  pure  gold  leaf 
for   solder.      See    Figs.  3  and  4.      The   pins   serve   as   a   fastening, 


,MK^ 


2 


0 


both  to  secure  the  completed  section  in  place  and  as  retainers  for 
the  porcelain  body.  Figs.  5  and  8  illustrate  the  completed  sec- 
tions, showing  contour  of  the  original  shape  of  the  lost  portion  of 
the  natural  tooth.  Figs.  1  and  6  are  prepared  sections  cemented 
in  place. 


2S 


Having  secured  the  prepared  sec- 
tions  as   shown  in   Figs.   3  and  4, 
porcelain  paste  or  body  is  built  upon 
them  and  carved  so  as  to  imitate  the 
original  contour  of   the  lost  portion 
of  the  tooth,  as  shown  in  Figs.  5 
and  8.     They  are  then  placed  on  a 
bed  of  silex  and  fused  in  a  gas  fur- 
nace. This  requires  twenty  minutes 
for  the  first  buscuit  and  fifteen  for 
the  second.    When  completed,  they 
will  be  a  reproduction  in  porcelain 
of  the  lost  parts  of  the   natural  or- 
gans, resembling  nature  perfectly, 
both  in  color  and  shape.     They  are 
then   cement- 
ed in  the  cav- 
ity,     either 
with      gutta- 
perch  tilling  or  oxy-phosphate  cement.     When 
the    anterior   side   of    a    molar    or    bicuspid    is 
decayed,   as    shown    in    Figs.    10   and    15,  the 
enamel  front  or  veneer,  13,  is  added  to  the  por- 
celain body,  and  when  completed  it  will  appear 
as  shown  in  Fig.  14.     This  veneer  serves   as   a  ready  and  efficient 
means  of  securing  the  proper  shade  and   contour  of  each  class  of 
teeth.     To   those  who  are  not  familiar  with  the  use  of  a  gas  fur- 
nace this  class  of  work  may   seem  difficult,  but  a  little  experience 
with  the  modern  appliances  now  within  the  reach  of  every  dentist, 
makes  the  operation   a  comparatively  simple  and  easy  one.     Figs. 
17,  18,  19  and  20  are  a   modification.     Fig.  17  represents  a  tooth 
filled  with  gold,  having  two  pins  attached.     Fig.  18  is  a  platinum 
disk,  with  tubes  adjusted  to  correspond  to  the  position  of  the  pins 
in  Fig.   17.     Porcelain  body  is  built  about  the  tubes,  and  when 
fused   in    the   furnace   the  whole  will  form  a  porcelain  crown  as 
shown  in  Fig.  19.     Fig.  20  illustrates  the  relative  position  of  the 
tubes,  which  are  designed  to  form  countersinks  for  the  pins  in  Fig. 
17.     When  cemented  in  place,  it  makes  a  very  durable   and  beau- 


u 

tiful  piece  of  work.  Fig.  16  is  an  incisor  constructed^'in''a  similar 
manner.  From  this  will  be  seen  the  great  advantage  of  being  able 
to  have  the  porcelain  in  a  plastic  state,  as  it  enables  the  dentist  to 
perfectly  adapt  the  form  of  each  peculiar  case  with  the  utmost 
precision,  and  this  could  not  be  so  admirably  done  with  manufac- 
tured crowns. 

In  bringing  this  new  mode  of  practice  to  the  notice  of  the 
dental  profession,  I  wish  to  call  especial  attention  to  the  large 
amount  of  tooth  substance  preserved.  In  nearly  all  the  modern 
systems  of  crown  work  there  seems  to  be  too  much  good  tooth 
material  cut  away,  and  I  think  a  careful  investigation  will  demon- 
strate this  new  process  to  be  far  superior,  making  it  possible  to  save 
the  greater  portion  of  the  crown,  it  not  being  necessary  to  cut  be- 
neath the  gum.  In  nearly  every  case,  sufficient  tooth  substance 
can  be  retained  to  preserve  the  pulp  alive,  and  w^hen  the  teeth  are 
devitalized,  the  major  portions  of  the  crown  can  be  left  intact,  serv- 
ing for  retaining  purposes  and  making  it  unnecessary,  in  the 
majority  of  cases,  to  resort  to  screws  or  posts.  Fig.  16  illustrates 
a  section  of  porcelain  adjusted  to  a  central  incisor,  which,  when 
carefullv  done,  makes  a  very  acceptable  piece  of  w^ork.  Although 
the  joint  may  sometimes  be  conspicuous,  it  is  not  nearly  as  much 
so  as  a  glaring  piece  of  gold. 

The  numerous  opportunities  presented  in  which  this  porcelani 
process  will  prove  to  be  of  great  value,  is  almost  without  limit,  and 
has  enabled  me  to  practice  dentistry  on  an  entirely  new  basis,  so 
that  today  I  can  say  to  my  patients  that  their  teeth  can  be  perfectly 
restored,  both  in  appearance  and  usefulness,  no  matter  how  badly 
they  are  decayed.  No  pulps  will  be  destroyed,  and  very  little 
tooth  substance  need  be  cut  away.  The  vise  of  the  rubber  dam  is 
largely  dispensed  with;  there  are  no  long  and  tedious  malleting 
operations  as  in  large  gold  fillings,  and  no  use  for  amalgam,  yet  the 
teeth  can  be  perfectly  restored  in  shape,  color  and  size,  with  very 
little  pain  or  fatigue  either  to  the  operator  or  patient. 


25 


Reprinted  Jrom  '■'■Independent  Practitioner^''  of   August^  i88j. 

METALLIC     ENAMEL     COATINGS     AND     FILLINGS. 


Read  Before  the  Central  Dental  Association  of  Northern  New  Jersey. 


By  Dr.  C.  H.  LAND,  Detroit,  Mich. 


In  the  absence  of  practical  demonstrations  it  is  difficult  to  com- 
prehend all  the  advantages  brought  about  by  improvements.  The 
accompanying  engravings,  Figs,  1  and  2,  are  taken  from  practical 
cases  that  have  at  this  date  been  in  use  for  one  year.  In  the  case 
represented  b}^  Fig,  1 ,  the  patient  w^as  about  sixty  years  of  age. 
The  right  lateral  incisor  was  pre- 
pared with  a  Howe  post,  shown 
in  its  relative  position.  The  five  k^"*^  ^-^^ ^ ^ 
remaining  teeth,  after  the  cavities 

were  prepared,    contained     tooth    (^ 

substance   as   represented  by  the      ''"^ 
dark    surfaces,    the    white  repre-  ^  <-^        /^ 

senting  the  lost   portion  of  each  ^-f*        ^--i-i     ^j^^^ 

tooth,   restored   with    sections  of  a  b         c         d 

porcelain  made  to  imitate  the  ex-  Fig.  i- 

act  color  and  contour  of  the  priginal  tooth  substance.  The  cavi- 
ties are  prepared  as  for  gold  filling,  when  a  thin  piece  of  annealed 
platinum  plate.  No.  35  standard  guage,  is  placed  over  the  tooth, 
and  by  means  of  burnishers  made  to  take  a  perfect  impression  of 
the  outer  rim  of  the  cavity,  after  which  platinum  pins  are  attached, 
as  shown  at  A.  The  object  of  the  pins  is  to  serve  as  a  fastening, 
both  for  the  jDorcelain  paste  or  body  and  as  retainers  to  hold  the 
completed  section  in  the  cavity  of  the  tooth.  The  porcelain  paste 
or  body  is  built  upon  the  platinum  disk  and  made  to  imitate  the 
lost  portion  of  the  tooth.  It  is  then  baked  in  a  gas  furnace,  requir- 
ing but  twenty  minutes  for  the  first  biscuit  and  fifteen  for  the  sec- 
ond, and  when  finished  it  appears  as  shown  at  B,  ready  to  be 
cemented  with  oxy-phosphate.  C  and  D  are  modifications  for  the 
other  teeth,  and  Fig.  2  illustrates  porcelain  facings  for  molars, 


26 


The  especial  feature  of  this  system,  to  which  I  wish  to  call  your 
attention,  is  the  large  amount  of  tooth  substance  preserved  above 
the  gum,  there  being  no  necessity  for  telescoping  the  root  so  far 
below  as  to  sever  the  tissues.  This  mode  of  practice  also  dispenses 
with  the  long  operations  and  pro- 
tracted use  of  the  rubber  dam ;  it 
almost  entirely  obviates  the  use 
of  amalgam,  and  saves  the  neces- 
sity for  large  gold  fillings;  there 
is  no  malleting,  no  long  and  ted- 
ious operation  either  for  the  pa- 
tient or  dentist,  w^hile  at  the  same 
time  teeth  are  perfectly-  restored, 
both  in  appearance  and  useful- 
ness. 

There  is  another  advantage  in  the  use  of  the  enamel  coatings 
which  is  not,  in  my  opinion,  a  trivial  matter.  When  large  metallic 
fillings  are  inserted,  the  constant  thermal  changes  consequent  upon 
their  alternate  heating  and  cooling  must  exercise  an  unfavorable 
influence  upon  the  tissues  about  the  tooth.  Even  if  the  pulp  is 
dead  and  the  root  be  filled,  there  will  be  a  checking  and  fracture 
of  the  tooth  in  time,  from  the  continually  varying  changes  of  tem- 
perature. An  inflammation  of  the  membranes  will  also  be  likely 
to  occur  from  the  same  cause,  and  thus  the  tooth  will  in  time  be 
lost  from  the  mere  influence  of  the  presence  of  a  large  mass  of 
metal.  ' 

It  is  also  a  fact  that  large  gold  fillings  cannot  be  inserted  with- 
out so  much  malleting  that  the  strength  of  the  tooth  is  gone,  and 
frail  walls  are  cracked  beyojid  the  possibility  of  repair.  These 
dangers  are  all  obviated  by  the  use  of  the  porcelain  fillings,  while 
teeth  so  restored  are  inuch  more  natural  in  feeling  and  more  grate- 
ful to  the  touch  of  the  tongue  than  any  metallic  filling  can  be. 


27 


A  SYSTEM  OF  PARTIAL  CROWN  WORK. 


Patented  December  20,  ]8«7. 


These  improvements  have  developed  a  new  and  practical 
method  of  preparing  and  attaching  artificial  sections  of  teeth 
which  may  be  appropriately  designated  as  partial  crowns. 
From  a  series  of  different  shades 
of  porcelain  body,  these  sections 
can  be  made  to  imitate  the  various 
colors  of  the  natural  teeth  per- 
fectly. Fig.  1,  plate  A,  illus- 
trates a  bicuspid  with  anterior 
portion  of  the  natural  tooth  in- 
tact, having  Howe  post  attached.  Plate  a. 
Fig.  2  represents  a  platinum  matrix  that  has  been  carefully  fitted 
about  the  post  and  burnished  to  the  tooth.  Fig.  3  illustrates  the 
approximate  surface  of 
matrix,  showing  counter- 
sink for  the  post  or  screw, 
and  on  the  anterior  side, 
part  of  the  fused  porce- 
lain body  can  be  seen. 
This  forms  a  complete  section  ready  to  be  cemented  to  the  tooth, 
as  shown  in  Fig.  4.  From  Figs.  1  to  5,  in  plate  B,  are  modifica- 
tions of  the  same  for  molars. 


IMPORTANT. 


Plate  C  will  be  interesting, 
from  the  fact  that  it  demon- 
strates a  practical  means  of 
adjusting  a  porcelain  section 
without  resorting  to  posts  or 
screws,  and  is  especially  ap- 
propriate where  the  pulp  has  not  been  destroyed.  Fig.  1  repre- 
sents anterior  side  of  molars,  showing  the  prepared  cavity.  Fig. 
2  is  the  platinum    matrix.     In    the   interior  of  this  will  be  seen  a 


Plate  c. 


S8 


piece  of  platinum  in  the  form  of  a  pyramid.  This  has  been  sold- 
ered to  the  matrix,  and  is  intended  to  form  a  countersink  in  the 
completed  section,  as  shown  in  Fig  4.  Fig.  3  is  the  cornpleted 
section  showing  anterior  surface,  and  Fig.  5  is  the  section  cemented 
in  the  tooth. 

Referring  to  Fig.  1  in  this  engraving,  attention  is  called  to  the 
fact  that  where  a  cavity  is  deep  and  the  angles  are  abrupt,  that 
no  countersinks  or  screws  are  needed; 
also  that  after  the  matrix  has  served 
the  purpose  of  forming  the  section, 
the  platinum  is  removed.  This  leaves 
a  section  of  porcelain  the  exact  coun- 
terpart of  the  cavity.  When  cement- 
ed in  place  would  appear  as  shown  in 
Fig.  4. 

Plate  E  is  a  modification  of   the  same   process,  involving  two- 
thirds  of  the  crown  of   a  molar.      Figf.  1   indicates  that  about  one- 


Plate  D. 


Plate  E. 

third  of  the  crown  is  left  intact,  showing  large  cavity  prepared 
with  suitable  undercuts.  Fig.  2  is  platinum  foil.  No.  60.  This  has 
been  burnished  over  the  horizontal  portion  of  crown,  then  the 
prepared  countersink,  Fig.  3,  which,  it  will  be  observed,  has  a 
large-headed  platinum  pin,  soldered  in  the  interior.  This  prepared 
countersink  is  then  carefully  laid  on  the  burnished  piece  of  plati- 
num, as  shown  in  Fig.  4.  Body  is  then  built  about  it  and  fused  in 
the  gas  furnace,  and  would  appear  as  seen  in  Figs.  5  and  6.  By 
carefully  burnishing  the  platinum  to  the  surface  of  the  tooth,  every 
little  indentation  is  impressed  on  the  surface ;  in  fact,  the  platinum 
takes  a  perfect  impression  of  the  tooth.  Notice  that  the  counter- 
sink, Fig.  3,  is  simply  laid  on  the  platinum  and  not  soldered  to  it, 
so  that  when  the  porcelain  body  has  been  fused  the  platinum  can 
be  peeled  off.     This  leaves  the  approximate  surface  of  the  crown 


29 

the  exact  counterpart  of  the  horizontal  surface  of  the  natural 
tooth.  The  countersink  being  embedded  in  the  central  portion,  the 
adaptation  can  be  made  remarkably  perfect.  The  cavity  in  the 
tooth  and  the  countersink  in  the  crown  is  then  filled  with  cement, 
and  the  two  pressed  together  and  allowed  to  harden,  making  a 
very  desirable  and  durable  piece  of  work. 


A  DEVITALIZED  CENTRAL  INCISOR. 


Nn.  1  illustrates  the  anterior  surface  reduced  about  one-half  the 
thickness  of  the  tooth;  Fig.  L  is  platinum  matrix;  Fig.  M  porce- 
lain veneer;     Fig.  3  is  platinum  matrix  and  veneer  fused  together; 


Plate  F. 


Fig.  2,  the  same  adjvxsted  to  the  tooth.  This  has  proved  to  be  a 
very  satisfactory  method  of  restoring  the  color  of  teeth,  in  place 
of  the  usual  mode  of  bleaching. 


30 


INCIDENTS  OF  OFFICE  PRACTICE. 


Miss ,  14  years  of  age,  healthy  and  well  developed,  except 

the  defect  in  the  teeth,  presented  a  condition    as  illustrated  in  the 

engraving  Fig.  1,  Plate  G. 
This  will  be  interesting  both 
to  the  dentist  and  the  physi- 
ologist. Notice  that  the 
roots  of  the  teeth  have 
grown  to  almost  their  nor- 
mal size,  and  are  evidently 
still  progressing.  It  w^ill  be 
Plate  G.  observed  that  the  enamel  of 

the  crown  is  perfectly  developed  for  a  short  distance  from  the  root, 
and  that  it  ends  abruptly,  the  rest  of  the  crown  showing  a  want  of 
development,  principally  on  that  portion  of  the  teeth  where  enamel 
alone  should  form ;  it  will  also  be  seen  that  the  defect  involved  the 
cuspid,  incisor  and  first  molars  only.  That  the  bicuspids  and  sec- 
ond molars  were  ^vell  developed  and  not  decayed.  On  the  lower 
jaw  marked  traces  of  the  same  defects  were  apparent  and  corres- 
pond to  the  same  conditions  as  above.  The  indications  are  that  in 
childhood  local  causes  had  in  some  way  retarded  the  building  up 
of  the  functions  during  the  greatest  period  of  the  development  of 
these  particular  teeth,  which  was  verified  by  the  statements  of  her 
parent,  who  informed  me  that  her  daughter,  when  a  child,  had 
been  in  feeble  health  for  several  years,  and  this  after  a  severe 
attack  of  scarlet  fever.  Here  then  is  a  beautiful  illustration  of  the 
allied  interests  of  medicine 
and  dentistry.  Evidently  the 
primary  cause  of  the  disease 
originated  at  that  period  of 
life  when  the  application  of 
medical  skill  was  the  only 
remedy  that  could  be  ap- 
plied, and     years    after    the 

opportunity  arrived  when   it  Plate  H. 

was  time  for  the  dentist  to  complete  the  healing]art.     Fig.  2,  Plate 
H,  illwstrjvtes  the  same  case  restored  by  means  of  metallic  enamel 


31 

coats.  Practically,  that  which  nature  had  been  unable  to  provide 
had  been  accomplished  artificially,  and  the  most  important  feature 
of  the  work  is  that  this  has  been  done  without  the  necessity  of 
destroying  any  pulps  or  injuring  any  of  the  sensitive  tissues.  The 
teeth  are  now  thoroughly  protected  from  decay  and  are  restored 
perfectly  in  shape,  size  and  color,  serving  their  purposes  as  com- 
pletely as  though  no  disease  had  occurred. 

Patient  No.  2. 
Age  48  years;  lower  incisors  worn  off  by  abrasion,  as  shown  in 
the    engraving,    Fig.   1.     This  involved  the  eight  lower  anterior 
teeth,  the  molars  being  substituted  with  a  partial  denture  of  con- 


Piate  i. — x'lg.  1. 

tinuous  gum  work.  The  patent  having  a  vigorous  constitution, 
the  teeth  were  well  set  in  the  process  and  gums.  Pulps  had  re- 
ceded and  partial  ossification  taken  place.  The  work  demanded 
was  not  only  to  adjust  crowns  on  the  roots  but  to  restore  the  proper 
length  both  in  the  artificial  denture  and  crowns,  so  that  the  antag- 
onisms would  be  the  same  as  when  the  teeth  were  in  their  normal 
condition.  In  preparing  the  metallic  enamel  coats  an  alloy  of 
platinum  and  iridium  was  used ;  the  object  sought  was  to  have  the 
metal  as  thin  as  possible  and  at  the  same  time  be  sufiiciently  strong 
to  withstand  the  use  required  in  mastication,  etc.  Also  realizing 
the  advantage  of  having  the  metal  coats  as  thin  as  possible  about 
the  necks  of  the  teeth,  which  would  secure  a  very  close  adaptation 
^nd  take  up  the  least  spac?  between  the  roots,     In  this  alloy  the  de- 


32 


sirable  qualities  were  found  especially  for  the  lower  incisors.  Fig. 
I,  Plate  J,  illustrates  the  appearance  of  the  work  when  completed, 
and  it  is  at  present  giving  the  utmost  satisfaction.  Four  years  pre- 
vious these  teeth  had  been  built  up  with  gold  by  an  experienced 
and  careful  operator,  but  as  usual  the  gold  has  gradually  become 
battered  dow^n  and  completely  worn  off.  In  comparison  I  have  a 
large  number  of  crowns  that  were  adjusted  to  the  roots  of  teeth 
eight  and  ten  years  ago,  and  this  was  done  in  a  crude  way,  and  at 
the  present  time  doing  good  service.  I  therefore  can  speak  with 
confidence  as  to  the  greater  durability  of  this  more  perfect  method 
of  adjusting  porcelain  coats,  sections  and  fillings,  whereby  every 
possible  condition  of  decay  can  be  arrested  and  the  teeth  restored 
perfectly  to  their  natural  appearance  in  shape,  size  and  color.  Add 
to  this  the  fact  that  these  operations  are  accomplished  without  pain 


Plate  J.— Fig.  1. 


or  fatigue  to  either  the  patient  or  dentist,  that  the  long  and  tedious 
malleting  is  dispensed  with,  the  protracted  use  of  rubber  dam  not 
required;  therefore  will  it  not  be  considered  as  one  of  the  great- 
est boons  to  suffering  humanity. 


Pertinent, 


Twenty  years  of  active  practice,  and  five  of  them  being  spent 
as  an  assistant  to  several  of  the  most  noted  dental  practitioners,  has 
taught  me  to  have  the  utmost  contempt  for  the  man  who  will  keep 
a  child  fastened  in  his  dental  chair  with  an  accumulation  of  napkins, 
towels  and  rubber  dam  attached  to  a  six-year  molar  preparing  a 
cavity  that  is  to  be  filled  with  a  gold  filling  that  will  require  from 
two  to  three  hours  constant  malleting.  Words  cannot  express  my 
indignation  against  men  who  will  insist  on  filling  children's  teeth 
with  gold,  not  only  on  account  of  the  painful  operation,  but  from 
the  fact  that  large  blocks  of  metal,  owing  to  their  expansion  and 
shrinkage  and  susceptibility  of  thermal  changes,  are  not  compatible 
with  weak  tooth  structures;  and  Jrom  careful  statistics  I  am  en- 
abled to  state  that  gold  has  proved  to  be  valuable  only  in  the 
strongest  teeth,  and  then  in  the  medium-sized  cavities.  We  have- 
in  the  profession  too  large  a  percentage  of  men  who  have  become- 
so  wedded  to  the  use  of  gold  as  a  filling  as  to  carry  it  to  an  absurd 
extreme;  their  greatest  ambition  seems  to  be  on  making  the  great- 
est possible  display  of  their  skill  in  the  shape  of  elaborately  pol- 
ished gold  fillings  and  entire  gold  teeth.  So  assiduously  has  this- 
mode  of  practice  been  followed  that  it  has  actually  created  a  mor-- 
bid  desire  with  many  people  to  want  perfectly  sound  teeth  drilled 
into  and  gold  filHngs  inserted.  It  seems  that  with  some  a  great 
display  of  mouth  jewelry  is  quite  becoming  and  handsome.     Well,, 


84 

as  an  advertisement  for  the  dentist  it  has  proved  to  be  an  excellent 
perambulating  sign  board,  illustrating  how  little  has  been  accom- 
plished toward  practicing  the  higher  art,  by  concealing  the  defects. 


Ruin. 


The  above  illustrates  a  series  of  possible  conditions  of  decay  in 
its  most  aggravated  form,  the  teeth  having  been  prejDared  to  receive 
the  porcelain  sections,  partial  and  entire  crowns. 


Repair. 

The  same  restored  with  porcelain. 


PRACTICE  THE  HIGHER  ART. 


PEESERVE,  EESTOEE  ASD  SAVE  THE  ITATUEAL  TEETH,  AKD  WITH 
PEIDE  PLAGE  ON  YOUE  DOOE  THE  SIGN, 

"NO  TEETH    NEED    BE    EXTRACTED." 


The  above  has  been  inscribed  and  placed  at  the  entrance  of 
Dr.  C.  H.  Land's  Dental  office  and  is  in  such  direct  contrast  to  the 
usual  notice,  "Teeth  extracted  without  pain,"  that  it  deserves  more, 
than  a  passing  thought,  intimating  that  dentistry  when  properly 
practiced  is  directly  opposed  to  the  barbaric  methods  of  extraction. 
Modern  dentistry  has  so  far  advanced  in  the  treatment  and  care 
of  the  teeth  that  it  is  justly  declared  to  be  malpractice  to  extract 
even  good  roots,  and  the  true  status  of  a  dentist  may  be  estimated 
by  the  number  of  teeth  he  extracts.  The  wealthy  seldom  have 
their  teeth  removed,  thus  demonstrating  that  poverty  and  ignor- 
ance are  the  elements  that  create  the  demand  for  the  dental  me- 
chanic, who  is  ever  ready  to  accommodate  the  morbid  desire  for  a 
set  of  store  teeth,  which  at  best  is  but  a  miserable  apology  as  a 
substitute  for  what  nature  once  supplied.  Far  better  keep  the  old 
roots  and  have  artificial  crowns  attached  to  them,  providing  a 
repair  that  will  answer  the  purpose  much  better  than  the  best  of 
artificial  dentures.  A  few  days'  careful  treatment  will  invariably 
cure  the  most  aggravated  form  of  diseased  teeth.  At  a  series  of 
public  clinics  given  by  Dr.  Land  some  of  the  worst  classes  of  ab- 
cessed  and  ulcerated  teeth  were  exhibited  that  had  been  operated 
on  several  years  previous,  such  as  roots  having  artificial  crowns 
attached,  clearly  demonstrating  that  not  only  the  disease  can  be 
cured,  but  as  well  the  lost  portion  replaced  perfectly  in  shape,  size 
and  color,  and  made  to  perform  the  functions  for  which  they  were 
intended  in  the  most  accommodating  manner.  One  of  the  most 
interesting  operations  performed  at  these  clinics  was  for  a  boy 
whose  teeth  had  not  grown  to  the  proper  size.  All  of  his  front 
teeth    were  so  small   and  pointed  as  to  quite  disfigure  the  counte- 


36 

nance.  The  defect  was  removed  in  the  following  manner:  Firsts 
metallic  jackets  or  coats  of  alloy  of  platinum  and  iridium  were  fit- 
ted over  each  tooth,  they  were  then  removed  and  to  eacti  coat  or 
jacket  porcelain  clay  was  moulded  about  them,  they  were  then 
colored  with  metallic  coloring  matter  placed  in  a  porcelain  furnace^ 
and  at  a  temperature  of  3000°  F.  were  fused  so  that  when  com- 
pleted they  resembled  the  natural  teeth  not  only  in  size,  but  as  well 
in  shape  and  color,  and  composed  a  seines  of  overcoats  of  metal 
and  porcelain  prepared  to  fit  each  defective  tooth,  and  when  ce- 
mented in  place  w^ith  a  water- proof  cement,  restored  the  natural 
teeth  to  their  proper  appearance  so  perfectly  that  the  art  was  con- 
cealed. Many  other  cases  v\^ere  shown  where  the  natural  teeth 
were  both  badly  decayed  and  irregular,  these  also  were  corrected 
in  a  similar  manner,  showing  a  degree  of  skill  in  artistic  dental 
operations  that  is  destined  to  completely  revolutionize  the  old 
methods  of  practice. 

P.  S. — Dr.  Land  will  give  a  series  of  clinical  operations  at  the 
coming  meeting  of  the  Michigan  Dental  Association  to  be  held 
March  20,  1888,  at  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 


NATIONAL  HYDRO-CARBON  FURNACE  CO. 


MANUFACTURERS  AND  PATENTEES 


Combinatioq,  (Ja^  ^  (^agoliije  FuMce? 


-F-OIl- 


Dentists,  Assayers,  Jewellers,  Metallurgists,    * 
I    *    China  Kilns,  Art  and  Scientific  Purposes, 

264:     WoodAArard     Avenue, 


PAID  UP  CAPITAL,  250,000.00. 


OFKICERS: 


H.  LAND.  W.  D.  ROBINSON,  JOS.  McLOQAN,  C.  W.  BOBINSON 

President.  Vke-Presidentj  Secretary.  Treasurer. 


t@^Wanted  .Dental   Graduates   to  take  Instructions  and 
iecura  Territory. 


Il9NgS  rffiPRQVED  flPPARAtaS 


^!<^p"OR  IPRODUCINO  ■—*!«- 


Hi  MI 


rmmBiMM 


(Patented  March  4,  1884 


H.   J.    C^ULKINS, 

Detroit  &  Michigan  Dental  .  Depot. 


29  and.   31  State   Street, 


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